Leucoderma (Vitiligo)

Leucoderma is a skin disease. It causes the loss of skin color in patches that usually spread with time. The condition can affect the skin on any part of the body, hair, and the inside of the mouth.

The skin pigments called Melanin; determine the color of the skin. When the cells that form Melanin die or cease to work, Leucoderma starts to appear on the skin. It affects all skin types, although more noticeable on darker skin. It's not a life-threatening or contagious disease.

To maintain a healthy blood sugar level body needs insulin — a hormone that regulates the body cells to take up and store glucose.

Treatment may restore the skin color in affected parts. But it doesn't cure the disease completely.

Symptoms

Loss of skin color in patches, usually beginning to appear on hands, face, near body openings, and genitals

Unanticipated graying of the hair on scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, or beard.

Loss of color in the tissues that line inside the mouth and nose.

Usually, Leucoderma shows the initial signs before the age of 30 years, but it can start at any age. And it may affect:

Almost all skin surfaces,

Different parts of your body,

Only one side or part of the body (this type begins at a younger age and lasts short),

The localized disease affects one or only a few areas of the body.

Another kind of it affects the skin on the face, hands, and near body openings, like the eyes, nose, and ears.

Scleroderma

Scleroderma — a combination of rare diseases — is responsible for the hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

More often, it affects women of 30 to 50 age group than men of any age. Presently there is no cure for Scleroderma, but a variety of treatments eases symptoms and improves life.

One kind of Scleroderma affects only the skin. But other more severe forms can also harm the body beyond the skin, like blood vessels, internal organs, and the digestive system. Depending upon the type of Scleroderma, the symptoms may vary.

Symptoms

Hardening and tightening of patches of skin, shaped like ovals or straight lines, may cover a wide area of the body parts. Sometimes the skin appears shiny because it's tight and has restricted movement.

One of the earliest signs of systemic Scleroderma causes the small blood vessels in fingers and toes to contract in response to cold or distresses, fingers or toes turn blue, feel painful and numb.

It may cause a variety of digestive symptoms, depending on the part of the digestive tract affected.

Heartburn or difficulty in swallowing.

Cramps, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation

Problems in absorbing nutrients.

It may affect the function of the heart, lungs, or kidneys to different degrees.

Human Papillomavirus Infections

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that passes between people through skin-to-skin contact. Many of its more than 100 varieties are passed through sexual contact and affect genitals, mouth, or throat. According to some medical sources, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). The disease is so common that most sexually active people get some variety or other at some point.

While most cases of genital HPV may not cause any health problems, some types of it may lead to the development of genital warts and even certain cancers.

Symptoms

Usually, HPV infection does not cause any noticeable symptoms or causes health problems. 9 out of 10 HPV infections go away on their own in a maximum of two years. Although, the person may unknowingly transmit HPV since the virus is still in their body.

When the disease does not cure on its own, it may cause serious health problems, including genital warts and warts in the throat (Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis). It can also cause cervical cancer and other cancers of the genitals, head, neck, and throat.

Some types of HPV cause warts that are different from the types that cause cancer. So, having genital warts caused by HPV does not mean that it will develop cancer.

Cancers caused by HPV often show symptoms only in later stages of growth. Only regular screenings can help diagnose HPV-related health problems earlier. It improves the chances of survival.

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

An infection caused by varicella-zoster, the same virus that causes chickenpox, the virus may live in your nervous system for years even after the chickenpox infection is over, then may reactivate as Shingles or Herpes Zoster.

The viral infection is identified by red skin rashes that can cause pain and burning. The bruise usually appears as a stripe of blisters on one side of the torso, neck, or face.

Most cases clear up within 2 to 3 weeks, and it rarely occurs more than once in the same person though according to medical sources, about 30% of people may suffer from Herpes Zoster at some point in life.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of Herpes Zoster may includepain on the side of the body, red patches, fluid-filled blisters, wraps around the spine and torso, on the face & ears, and itching. Some persons may experience severe symptoms like fever, chills, headache, fatigue, and muscle weakness.

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease, clumps of inflammatory cells form in various organs. Sarcoidosis may be triggered by the immune system responding to foreign elements, such as viruses, bacteria, or chemicals.The areas of the body commonly affected include lymph nodes, lungs, eyes, skin, liver, heart, spleen, and brain.

Symptoms

Some patients may not have any symptoms, although the general symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, joint pain, dry mouth, nosebleeds, and abdominal swelling.

Symptoms of Sarcoidosis vary depending on the part of the body affected by the disease. It can occur in any organ, but mostly it affects the lungs. The symptoms can include dry cough, short breath, gasping, and chest pain.Skin symptoms include rashes, sores, hair loss, and raised scars.

Nervous system symptoms include seizures, hearing loss, and headaches. Eye symptoms may include dry, itchy eyes, eye pain, vision loss, burning sensation, discharge from eyes.

Neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis, a skin condition, starts with an itchy patch. Scratching makes it even itchier and causes the affected skin to become thick. Several itchy spots develop on the neck, wrists, forearms, legs, or anal area. It's not life-threatening or contagious. But the itching can be so intense or recurrent that it affects the quality of life.

Symptoms

Symptoms of neurodermatitis include itchy skin patches, leathery or scaly texture on the affected areas, raised, rough patches - red or darker than the rest of the skin